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OMFS-0120PathologybeginnerLower lip

Recurrent bluish swelling of the lower lip in a teenager

15-year-old female

Draft — educational study aid, pending faculty review.

§Chief complaint

Painless bubble on the lower lip that bursts and comes back

§Medical & dental history

  • 01Fit and well
  • 02Habit of biting the lower lip

§Clinical examination

  • 01Dome-shaped, bluish, fluctuant swelling 9 mm on the left lower labial mucosa
  • 02Non-tender, no bleeding, mucosa intact
  • 03History of rupture with clear viscous fluid discharge and recurrence
  • 04No other lesion in the mouth

§ figuresFigures (3)

Fig. 1Surgical removal of a mucocele in the lower lip.

Surgical removal of a Mucocele.” · Jeffrey Dorfman · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Verified open-access images only, reproduced for education under their stated licences · no AI-generated or illustrative artwork · Mucocele figures pending faculty review.

§Differential diagnosis

Mucocele (extravasation type)Young patient, lower lip, trauma, bluish fluctuant swelling
Salivary duct cystOlder patient, true epithelial lining, floor of mouth or buccal
HaemangiomaBlanches on pressure, present since childhood
Minor salivary gland tumourFirm, on palate rather than lip

§Final diagnosis

Mucous extravasation phenomenon (mucocele) of the lower lip

Location on the lower lip, a young patient, a history of lip-biting trauma, and recurrent rupture-and-refill are the discriminators. A haemangioma blanches; a salivary gland tumour is firm and typically palatal.

§Investigations

  • 01Clinical diagnosis; transillumination shows a fluid-filled lesion
  • 02Excisional biopsy confirms and treats

§Treatment plan

  • 01Excision of the mucocele together with the feeding minor salivary glands
  • 02Address the lip-biting habit to prevent recurrence

§Surgical procedure

  • 01Elliptical incision, lesion dissected with the adjacent minor salivary glands
  • 02Careful protection of the mental nerve branches
  • 03Primary closure with 5-0 resorbable sutures

§Histopathology report

Mucin pool surrounded by granulation tissue and foamy macrophages without an epithelial lining, with adjacent inflamed minor salivary gland tissue. Mucous extravasation phenomenon.

§Follow-up & outcome

  • 01Healed uneventfully
  • 02No recurrence at 12 months once habit stopped

§Clinical pearls / learning points

  • 01Removing the mucin without the feeding gland guarantees recurrence.
  • 02Extravasation mucoceles have no epithelial lining; retention cysts do.
  • 03A 'mucocele' on the hard palate or in an older adult should be biopsied as a possible neoplasm.

§References

  • Neville BW et al. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 5th ed.

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