Case-based Learning
Clinical Case Library
Real-world patient scenarios — history, imaging, differentials, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with clavicular hypoplasia, delayed cranial ossification, and multiple supernumerary teeth.
Dental Caries
Multifactorial biofilm-mediated demineralisation of dental hard tissues by acidogenic bacteria.
Leukoplakia
Predominantly white lesion of oral mucosa that cannot be characterised as any other definable lesion. A potentially malignant disorder.
Erythroplakia
A red velvety patch that cannot be attributed to any other definable lesion — the highest-risk oral premalignant disorder.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Recurrent, painful, self-limiting oral ulcers on non-keratinised mucosa in otherwise healthy individuals.
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Autoimmune intraepithelial blistering disease with IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein-3 (and desmoglein-1).
Sialolithiasis
Calcified concretion within salivary gland ducts; most common disease of salivary glands.
Fibrous Dysplasia
Benign fibro-osseous lesion in which normal bone is replaced by cellular fibrous tissue with immature woven bone; due to GNAS mutation.
Dentigerous Cyst
Odontogenic developmental cyst that surrounds the crown of an unerupted tooth and is attached at the CEJ.
Ameloblastoma
Benign but locally aggressive odontogenic epithelial tumour; the most common clinically significant odontogenic tumour.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Chronic, progressive, scarring disease of oral mucosa strongly associated with areca nut chewing; a WHO-recognised potentially malignant disorder.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant epithelial neoplasm; > 90% of all oral malignancies. Sixth most common cancer worldwide.
Ludwig's Angina
Rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces — an airway emergency.
Mandibular Fracture
Most commonly fractured facial bone after nasal bones. Often multiple fractures due to arch geometry.
Radicular Cyst
The most common inflammatory odontogenic cyst; a sequela of pulp necrosis stimulating epithelial cell rests of Malassez at the apex of a non-vital tooth.
Odontogenic Keratocyst
Developmental odontogenic cyst arising from dental lamina remnants; notable for aggressive behaviour, high recurrence, and association with Gorlin–Goltz syndrome.
Odontoma
The most common odontogenic tumour — a hamartomatous developmental malformation of odontogenic tissues classified as compound (denticles) or complex (disorganised mass).
Odontogenic Myxoma
Benign but locally infiltrative odontogenic mesenchymal tumour composed of stellate cells in a myxoid stroma; notable for finger-like invasion of medullary bone and 'tennis-racket' radiographic pattern.
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
The most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst of the oral cavity, arising from epithelial remnants of the embryonic nasopalatine duct within the incisive canal.
Nasolabial Cyst
A rare, extra-osseous, developmental soft-tissue cyst of the upper lip and nasal alar base, historically thought to arise from entrapped epithelium of the nasolacrimal duct or the fusion line of embryonic facial processes.
Solitary Bone Cyst
A pseudocyst of the jaws lacking an epithelial lining, presenting as an empty or serosanguineous cavity most often in the posterior mandible of adolescents; the leading theory relates to trabecular bone haemorrhage that fails to organise.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
A rare, rapidly expanding, blood-filled, multilocular pseudocyst of bone — now recognised as a true neoplasm driven by USP6 gene rearrangements — that most commonly involves the posterior mandible of young patients.
Oral Lichen Planus
Chronic T-cell mediated mucocutaneous inflammatory disease with characteristic reticular white striae and, in erosive forms, painful ulcerations. Considered an oral potentially malignant disorder.
Oral Candidiasis
Opportunistic fungal infection of the oral mucosa, most commonly caused by Candida albicans, presenting as wipeable white plaques (thrush), erythematous patches or angular cheilitis.
Oral Melanoma
Rare, aggressive malignancy of melanocytes in oral mucosa with poor prognosis.