Case-based Learning

Clinical Case Library

41 worked cases — history, examination, imaging, differential, definitive diagnosis, treatment and outcome. Every case links to its full atlas page.

Draft — educational study aid, pending faculty review. Not a substitute for clinical judgement.

41 cases

Radicular Cyst — clinical image: Dr. T. Balasubramanian www.drtbalu.com
OMFS-0101Cysts & Tumours

Slowly enlarging swelling of the anterior maxilla

Painless swelling of the upper front gum for 8 months

34 yrMalebeginnerRadicular Cyst
Odontogenic Keratocyst — clinical image: 角化嚢胞性歯原性腫瘍の組織像
OMFS-0102Cysts & Tumours

Incidental multilocular radiolucency of the mandibular ramus

Lesion found on a routine radiograph before orthodontic treatment

23 yrMaleintermediateOdontogenic Keratocyst
Ameloblastoma — clinical image: Ameloblastoma
OMFS-0103Cysts & Tumours

Painless mandibular expansion with tooth displacement

Gradual swelling of the left lower jaw for 2 years

38 yrFemaleadvancedAmeloblastoma
Dentigerous Cyst — clinical image: dentigerous jaw cyst in the right mandible around and impacted wisdom tooth
OMFS-0104Cysts & Tumours

Failure of eruption of a lower third molar with cystic change

Dull ache and swelling behind the last lower right tooth

27 yrMalebeginnerDentigerous Cyst
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma — clinical image: Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis on the dorsum of the tongue
OMFS-0105Oncology

Non-healing ulcer of the lateral tongue in a smoker

Painful ulcer on the side of the tongue for 3 months

58 yrMaleintermediateOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Leukoplakia — clinical image: Photo taken of patient, who will remain anonymous, treated at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center: College of Dentistry in Memphis, Tennessee. The lesion is an example of leukoplakia. Biopsy was going to be
OMFS-0106Oncology

Homogeneous white patch of the buccal mucosa

White patch inside the cheek noticed by the dentist

49 yrMalebeginnerLeukoplakia
Oral Submucous Fibrosis — clinical image: Generalized submucous fibrosis of oral cavity
OMFS-0107Oncology

Progressive trismus in an areca nut chewer

Unable to open the mouth wide and burning on spicy food for 2 years

31 yrMaleintermediateOral Submucous Fibrosis
Oral Lichen Planus — clinical image: Lichen planus-intra oral lesion
OMFS-0108Pathology

Bilateral reticular white striae with erosive areas

Soreness of both cheeks, worse with spicy food, for 6 months

52 yrFemalebeginnerOral Lichen Planus
Oral Candidiasis — clinical image: Thrush in a child who had taken antibiotics.
OMFS-0109Infection

White plaques that wipe off in an inhaler user

White coating in the mouth and altered taste for 3 weeks

66 yrFemalebeginnerOral Candidiasis
Ludwig's Angina — clinical image: Swelling in the submandibular area in a patient with Ludwig's angina. This made it difficult for the assessment of neck extension.
OMFS-0110Infection

Rapidly progressive bilateral submandibular swelling with airway compromise

Severe swelling under the jaw and difficulty swallowing for 2 days

42 yrMaleadvancedLudwig's Angina
Mandibular Fracture — radiology image: Fractured jaw
OMFS-0111Trauma

Bilateral mandibular fracture after a road traffic collision

Painful jaw, cannot bite properly after a motorcycle crash

24 yrMaleintermediateMandibular Fracture
Zygomatic Complex Fracture — radiology image: CT brain bone window showing right zygomatic arch and anterior wall of right maxillary sinus fracture. Haemosinus is seen within the right maxillary sinus.
OMFS-0112Trauma

Flattened cheek and diplopia after assault

Depressed cheek and double vision after being punched

29 yrMaleintermediateZygomatic Complex Fracture
Le Fort Fractures — clinical image: Classification of Le Fort fractures of skull
OMFS-0113Trauma

Midface mobility and malocclusion after a high-speed collision

Face feels loose, teeth do not meet after a car crash

36 yrMaleadvancedLe Fort Fractures
OMFS-0114TMJ

Progressive inability to open the mouth since childhood

Cannot open the mouth; face has grown asymmetrically

17 yrMaleadvancedTMJ Ankylosis
Temporomandibular Disorders — clinical image: Conjunto de síntomas y signos principalmente sensitivos, dolor de cabeza (cefalea), y vegetativos, inestabilidad (mareos, vértigos), ocasionados por el impacto o choque de la mandíbula contra el maxilar superior durante
OMFS-0115TMJ

Clicking and painful jaw in a young woman

Clicking and pain in front of the ear when chewing for 8 months

26 yrFemalebeginnerTemporomandibular Disorders
Pleomorphic Adenoma — histopath image: Micrograph of Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary gland. The section shows a cellular area interspersed with islands of lighter stained bluish myxoid tissue. The cellular area is the epithelial element and is composed of cel
OMFS-0116Salivary Gland

Slow-growing painless lump in the parotid

Painless lump in front of the right ear enlarging over 3 years

45 yrFemaleintermediatePleomorphic Adenoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma — histopath image: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare lung tumor tht usually arises within the central bronchi. Typical cases contain mucus-secreting goblet cells, intermediate cells and squamous cells. Low grade tumors predominate and are
OMFS-0117Oncology

Palatal swelling with a bluish hue in a young adult

Painless lump on the roof of the mouth for 10 months

34 yrFemaleadvancedMucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Sialolithiasis — clinical image: Salivary gland stone (Sialolithiasis) and the operation marks
OMFS-0118Salivary Gland

Mealtime swelling of the submandibular gland

Painful swelling under the jaw whenever I eat, for 6 months

41 yrMalebeginnerSialolithiasis
Sjögren Syndrome — clinical image: Hyperbaric_Treatment_Sjogren's_Syndrome
OMFS-0119Salivary Gland

Dry mouth and bilateral parotid enlargement

Persistent dry mouth and gritty eyes for 2 years

54 yrFemaleintermediateSjögren Syndrome
Mucocele — clinical image: Surgical removal of a mucocele in the lower lip.
OMFS-0120Pathology

Recurrent bluish swelling of the lower lip in a teenager

Painless bubble on the lower lip that bursts and comes back

15 yrFemalebeginnerMucocele
Ranula — clinical image: Ranula in a human
OMFS-0121Salivary Gland

Bluish floor of mouth swelling with a cervical component

Swelling under the tongue and in the neck for 4 months

22 yrFemaleintermediateRanula
OMFS-0122Infection

Chronic jaw pain with pus discharge and a sinus tract

Persistent pain and bad-tasting discharge from the lower jaw for 3 months

57 yrMaleadvancedOsteomyelitis of the Jaws
OMFS-0123Pathology

Exposed necrotic bone in a patient on zoledronic acid

Rough painful area of exposed bone in the lower jaw for 4 months

71 yrFemaleadvancedMedication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
Fibrous Dysplasia — clinical image: Medium power shot with the classic 'Chinese character' bone spicules.
OMFS-0124Pathology

Painless unilateral maxillary swelling in an adolescent

Gradual enlargement of the left cheek over 3 years

14 yrFemaleintermediateFibrous Dysplasia
Central Giant Cell Granuloma — histopath image: High magnification micrograph of a central giant cell granuloma, abbreviated CGCG. CGCGs are lesions of the mandible or maxilla. The soft tissue counterpart is peripheral giant cell granuloma. CGCG is also known as giant
OMFS-0125Cysts & Tumours

Expansile anterior mandibular lesion crossing the midline

Swelling of the lower front jaw noticed 6 months ago

19 yrFemaleintermediateCentral Giant Cell Granuloma
Osteosarcoma of the Jaw — clinical image: osteosarcoma
OMFS-0126Oncology

Rapidly enlarging painful mandibular swelling with lip numbness

Fast-growing painful swelling of the jaw for 6 weeks

28 yrMaleadvancedOsteosarcoma of the Jaw
OMFS-0127Pathology

Bleeding gingival mass in pregnancy

Lump on the gum that bleeds when brushing, growing for 6 weeks

27 yrFemalebeginnerPyogenic Granuloma
Pemphigus Vulgaris — radiology image: All about the skin تدعمه Google ترجمةترجمة Search DermNet NZ Search Home About Topics A–Z CME Donate Browse Contact Images Jobs Book Home » Topics A–Z » Drug-induced pemphigus Drug-induced pemphigus Author: Brian Wu, MD
OMFS-0128Pathology

Widespread painful oral erosions preceding skin blisters

Painful sores throughout the mouth for 2 months, cannot eat

47 yrFemaleadvancedPemphigus Vulgaris
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis — clinical image: A case of Aphthous stomatitis in my mouth
OMFS-0129Pathology

Recurrent painful oral ulcers in a young adult

Mouth ulcers every few weeks for 3 years

21 yrFemalebeginnerRecurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis — clinical image: Herpetic gingivostomatitis. Note ulcers just below the front bottom teeth within the circle.
OMFS-0130Infection

Febrile child with widespread oral vesicles and bleeding gingiva

Child refusing food, drooling, with fever for 3 days

4 yrMalebeginnerPrimary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Periapical Abscess — clinical image: A root showing an abscess at the apex after extraction.
OMFS-0131Infection

Facial swelling and severe pain from a carious molar

Throbbing toothache with cheek swelling for 2 days

33 yrFemalebeginnerPeriapical Abscess
Dentigerous Cyst — clinical image: dentigerous jaw cyst in the right mandible around and impacted wisdom tooth
OMFS-0132Cysts & Tumours

Delayed eruption of a maxillary canine in an adolescent

Baby canine still present at age 14

14 yrFemalebeginnerDentigerous Cyst
Oral Melanoma — clinical image: Photograph at initial examination showing an oversized pigmented soft mass (melanoma) arising from the palate.
OMFS-0133Oncology

Rapidly enlarging pigmented palatal lesion

Dark patch on the roof of the mouth that has grown and started bleeding

63 yrMaleadvancedOral Melanoma
Kaposi Sarcoma — clinical image: This HIV-positive patient presented with an intraoral Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion with an overlying candidiasis infection. This AIDS patient exhibited a CD4+ T-cell count <200, and a high viral load. Initially, the KS les
OMFS-0134Oncology

Purple palatal lesions in an HIV-positive patient

Purple patches on the palate that are enlarging

38 yrMaleadvancedKaposi Sarcoma
HPV-associated Oropharyngeal SCC — clinical image: Oropharyngeal cancer (from right tonsil, HPV-negative), T4a N2c, 48 year old man.
OMFS-0135Oncology

Painless neck lump in a non-smoker with a small tonsillar primary

Lump in the neck for 3 months that does not hurt

51 yrMaleadvancedHPV-associated Oropharyngeal SCC
Dental Implantology — radiology image: The x-ray controlling from 1976/77 shows an subperiosteal implant (according Cherchéve) in the maxilla. Two implant tripods (according Pruin) in the lower canine region and two stabilized blade Implants (according Heinri
OMFS-0136Reconstruction

Single tooth implant replacement in the aesthetic zone

Missing upper front tooth after a sports injury 6 months ago

29 yrFemaleintermediateDental Implantology
Orthognathic Surgery — clinical image: Pre and post Orthodontics were done by Dr, Vipin Challiyil and Orthognathic surgery was done by Dr. Aju Ommen .
OMFS-0137Reconstruction

Class III skeletal deformity with anterior crossbite

Lower jaw sticks out and I cannot bite my front teeth together

23 yrMaleadvancedOrthognathic Surgery
Cleft Lip and Palate — clinical image: cleft lip and palate left seen from bottom
OMFS-0138Reconstruction

Newborn with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate

Baby born with a split lip and palate, difficulty feeding

0 yrFemaleadvancedCleft Lip and Palate
Haemangioma — histopath image: Intermediate magnification micrograph of a capillary hemangioma. H&E stain. Related images Intermed. mag. High mag. Very high mag.
OMFS-0139Pathology

Bluish compressible lesion of the tongue that blanches

Soft bluish lump on the tongue present since childhood

19 yrFemaleintermediateHaemangioma
OMFS-0140Trauma

Avulsed maxillary central incisor in a schoolchild

Front tooth knocked out playing football 40 minutes ago

9 yrMaleintermediateDento-alveolar Trauma
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis — clinical image: Actinomycosis Colony of Actinomyces within an abscess. A Gram stain is needed to see the filamentous organisms. Large colonies of Actinomyces can appear macroscopically as yellow granules whch have been termed "sulfur gr
OMFS-0141Infection

Chronic submandibular swelling with sulphur granules

Firm lump under the jaw discharging yellow granules for 3 months

44 yrMaleadvancedCervicofacial Actinomycosis